Current Issue : July-September Volume : 2011 Issue Number : 3 Articles : 23 Articles
“Butea Monosperma” is a species of the genus Butea, belongs to the family Fabaceae. The present study reported the use of “Butea Monosperma” flower extract as an acid base indicator in different types of acid base titrations. The equivalence points obtained by the flower extract coincident with the equivalence points obtained by standard indicators. The results obtained by the flower extract matched with the results obtained by standard indicator in case of acid and base titration except weak acid and base. This natural indicator was found to be a very useful, economical, simple and non harmful accurate for the titration....
Aegle marmelos Corr. (Rutaceae), commonly known as Bael, Bengal Quince is a tree of Indian origin, well known from pre- historic time. Utilization of bael fruit in day-to-day life has a great nutritional, environmental as well as commercial importance. All the parts of this tree including stem, bark, root, leaves, fruit and seeds at all stages of maturity has medicinal virtues and has been used in Ethno medicine to exploits its medicinal properties. The current study was therefore carried out to provide requisite pharmacognostical details i.e. organoleptic, microscopical, fluorescence analysis, quantitative microscopy and physical constants such as ash value and extractive values of the fruit. The extacts were subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening. The result of the study could be useful in setting some diagnostic indices for the identification and preparation of a monograph of the drug. The developed technique will be useful for standardization of formulations containing Aegle marmelos fruits....
Nifedipine is a potent calcium channel blocker and used as anti-hypertensive agent. The present study describes a simple, sensitive and rapid colorimetric method for determination of nifedipine in bulk and tablet dosage form. The proposed method is based on reduction of the nitro group of nifedipine to amino group by treatment with zinc dust and hydrochloric acid. The reduced molecule was diazotized with sodium nitrite and coupled with Bratton-Marshalls Reagent (N-1-naphthyl) ethylenediamine dihydrochloride). The produced azo dye was measured using colorimeter at 430 nm. The developed method was validated in terms of precision specificity and lineatity range. This method provides the faster and cost effective quality control tool for routine analysis of nifedipine in bulk and tablet dosage form....
A simple sensitive method for the estimation of first derivative UV Visible Spectrophotometric method for Itraconazole was developed in its bulk and dosage form. Methanol was chosen as solvent system. The λmax was found to be 261 nm. The response was linear in the range of 20-60μg/ml. The regression equation of the calibration graph and correlation coefficient were found to be y=-0.001x-0.001 and 0.998 respectively. The sandell’s sensitivity (μg/cm3 at 0.001 absorbance unit) was 0.476. The, LOD (limit of detection), LOQ (limit of quantitation) and % RSD value for both intraday, interday precision was 0.5μg/ml, 1.65μg/ml and 0.97%,1.37% respectively. The proposed method is precise, rapid and accurate and can be used for the quantitation of Itraconazole for formulation....
A reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography [RP-HPLC] method has been developed for the estimation of Nevirapine in bulk drug and pharmaceutical dosage forms. The quantification was carried out on Hypersil BDS column in isocratic mode, with mobile phase consisting of phosphate buffer and acetonitrile in the ratio of 55:45[v/v].The mobile phase was pumped at a rate of 1.0 ml/min and the detection was carried out at 214 nm and the linearity was found to be in the range of 10 to 60 μg/ml. The regression equation was found to be Y=105.58x + 1.1121 with correlation coefficient [r2] of 0.9998. The % recovery values were found to be in the range of 100.18-101.08%. The proposed method was validated for accuracy and precision. Statistical analysis proves that the method was found to be simple, precise, accurate, rapid and reproducible and can be used for the routine determination of Nevirapine in bulk drug and in pharmaceutical formulations....
A simple, accurate, validated, economic and reproducible method for the estimation of Griseofulvin in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms has been developed. Methanol was chosen as the solvent system. The λmax was found to be 293nm. The responses were linear in the range of 5-35µg/ml. The regression equation of the calibration graph and correlation coefficient were found to be y = 0.078x - 0.001 and 0.999 respectively. The %RSD values for both intraday and interday precision were less than 1%. The recovery of the drug from the sample was ranged between 99.62% and 100.49%. The proposed method was validated for precision, accuracy, intraday and interday assay. Commercial tablets containing 375mg and 250mg of Griseofulvin were analyzed by the proposed method and the results were well within the claimed limits. Further stability studies of Griseofulvin were carried out under acidic, alkaline, hydrolytic and photolytic conditions as per SIAM (Stability Indicating Assay Methods) as described by ICH....
The Present Study is done for Pharmacognostical and Phytochemical evaluation of the root part of Ipomoea turpethum. The Pharmacognostical Evaluation Includes Macroscopic and Microscopic Studies of the I. turpethum root. The anatomy of the root was studied by taking transverse section. Powder microscopical examination showed presence of different characters. The Physicochemical Parameters like Foreign organic matter, Determination of moisture content, Total ash, Acid insoluble ash, Water soluble ash, Extractive values by Hot percolation, Cold maceration (Ethanol soluble extractive, Water-soluble extractive, Ether soluble extractive), Determination of swelling index, Foaming index were also carried out for I. turpethum root. Phytochemical study includes preparation of extract and Preliminary Phytochemical screening of that different extracts which shows that major constituents are present in the Hydroalcoholic extract of the I. turpethum root. TLC and HPTLC fingerprinting were also done to check and conform that major constituents are present in the Hydroalcoholic extract....
Calotropis gigantea, an important medicinal plant is one of the most widely cultivated species of the family Asclepiadaceae. It is highly valued from time immemorial because of its vast medicinal properties. Every part of Calotropis is said to have beneficial properties that can serve humanity so the whole plant can be extensively studied for further research aspects. Calotropis gigantea better known as laticiferous shrubs is a plant widely distributed in Indian. The plant is known to be medicinally important. In the present study, the presence of major classes of phytoconstituents in the seeds of C. gigantea was investigated using sophisticated analytical tool like HPTLC. Results indicated that study plant contain a rich source of phytochemicals....
Moringa oleifera, an important medicinal plant is one of the most widely cultivated species of the family Moringaceae. It is highly valued from time immemorial because of its vast medicinal properties. Every part of Moringa is said to have beneficial properties that can serve humanity so the whole plant can be extensively studied for further research aspects. Moringa oleifera better known as drumstick tree is a plant widely distributed in Indian sub-continent. The plant is known to be medicinally important. In the present study, the presence of major classes of phytoconstituents in the seeds of M. oleifera was investigated using sophisticated analytical tool like HPTLC. Results indicated that study plant contain a rich source of phytochemicals....
Medicinal plants have great importance to prepare herbal medicine are free from side effects, adverse effects and they are low cost medicines, which will be beneficial for the people who are suffering from with chronic diseases. The Qualitative and Quantitative analysis is very essential for identifying and quantify the phytochemicals present in the medicinal plants that is important for medicinal action. Keeping this in view the plant Gymnema salvestre, Tinospora cordifolia, Lawsonia inermis, Azadirachta indica and Ocimum sanctum were selected according to having same ayurvedic property. Main aim of our research work was to study the phytochemical methods for estimation of phytoconstituents in herbal extracts and kwath qualitative and quantitatively in our present research work we found that Kwath has more Phytochemicals as compare to herbal extracts in same concentration sample as synergistic action....
A simple, sensitive and economical non extractive spectrophotometric (colorimetric) method has been developed for the quantitative determination of Olanzapine from Pharmaceutical tablet dosage form. Developed method is based on formation of ion pair colored complex of drug with Thymol Blue Dye. The formed complex in Methylene Chloride solvent does not require any extraction and showed absorbance maxima at 272.0 nm. Linearity was observed in concentration range of 0-10 µgm/ml of Olanzapine. The results of analysis were validated statistically and by recovery studies....
A simple and sensitive colorimetric method has been developed for the quantitative estimation of Rosuvastatin calcium from Pharmaceutical tablet dosage form. Developed method is based on formation of ion pair colored complex of drug with Cosneasie Brilliant Blue R. The complex formed showed absorbance maxima at 595.0 nm. Linearity was observed in concentration range of 100-500 µgm/ml of Rosuvastatin calcium. The results of analysis were validated statistically and by recovery studies....
A simple, fast, precise and accurate reverse phase HPLC method was developed for the simultaneous estimation of Nebivolol hydrochloride and Amlodipine besilate in tablet dosage forms. The separation was achieved by C18 Inertsil column {250 × 4.6 mm (id) 10 µm} in isocratic mode, with mobile phase containing methanol: Acetonitrile: 50 mM KH2PO4 buffer (25:30:45 v/v, pH 3.0) at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. UV detection was carried out at 267 nm. The retention time of Nebivolol hydrochloride and Amlodipine besilate was 7.63 min and 3.34 min respectively. Linearity of Nebivolol hydrochloride and Amlodipine besilate were found in the range of 10-100 µg/ml and 10-100 µg/ml respectively. The method can be used for routine quality control analysis of combination for these drugs in tablets....
A simple, accurate and economic UV spectrophotometric method has been developed for the estimation of amlodipine besylate in bulk and tablet formulation. Amlodipine besylate has maximum absorbance at 366 nm in 0.01% O-phosphoric acid. Beer’s law is obeyed in the concentration range of 5-25 mcg/ml with correlation coefficient 0.9997. The developed method was applied for the estimation of amlodipine besylate in bulk and tablet formulation and gave satisfactory results. The proposed method was validated statistically as per ICH guidelines and the low values of %RSD indicate high precision of the method....
A simple, precise, specific and accurate reverse phase HPLC method has been developed for the simultaneous estimation of enalapril maleate (EM) and metformin hydrochloride (MT). The chromatographic separation was achieved on Phenomenex Luna C18 (25 cm × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 µ) column using PDA detector. The mobile phase consisting of mixture of acetonitrile - 10mM NaH2PO4 (pH 2.2, adjusted with 80 % O–phosphoric acid) (30:70, v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min was used. The method was validated according to the ICH guidelines with respect to specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision and robustness....
A simple, precise, and reproducible RP-HPLC method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of antihypertensive pharmaceutical tablet dosage form containing ramipril, hydrochlorothiazide and telmisartan. RP-HPLC separation of three drugs was achieved on a Chromatopak peerless basic C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) using UV detection at 215 nm. The optimised mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and 0.01 M phosphate buffer pH 3 adjusted with o-phosphoric acid (2%, v/v) in a proportion of 60:40 v/v. The flow rate was 0.8 ml min-1. The three drugs were satisfactorily resolved with retention time values of 3.56, 4.75 and 9.23 mins for ramipril, hydrochlorothiazide and telmisartan respectively. The method was validated for linearity, accuracy, precision, robustness, and specificity, as per ICH recommended guidelines. The method was found to be linear over concentration ranges of 9-19, 22.5-47.5 and 72-152 µg ml-1 for ramipril, hydrochlorothiazide and telmisartan respectively. Recovery studies indicated more than 99% of recovery for the three drugs. The relative standard deviation values for intra-day and inter-day precision studies were found to be less than 2% for ramipril, hydrochlorothiazide and telmisartan respectively. No chromatographic interference from any tablet excipients was observed. The method proved to be simple and rapid for routine simultaneous estimation of ramipril, hydrochlorothiazide, and telmisartan in the bulk drug and in a tablet formulation....
In present study, a successful attempt has been made to develop a simple method for the simultaneous determination of Gatifloxacin (GATI) and Ornidazole (ORNI) using UV spectrometric technique. UV Spectroscopic method which is based on measurement of absorption of UV light, the spectra of Gatifloxacin and Ornidazole in methanol : water (90:10) showed maximum wave length at 292nm and 313nm respectively and calibration graphs were plotted over the concentrations ranging from 1-20µg/ml of Gatifloxacin and Ornidazole with correlation coefficient 0.999. Validation was performed as per ICH Q2 (R1) guidelines for linearity, accuracy, precision and recovery. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of Gatifloxacin were found to be 0.061 and 0.187 and for Ornidazole limit of detection and Limit of quantification were found to be 0.300, 0.028 respectively by simple UV Spectroscopy. Multicomponent method of analysis was validated by analyzing the laboratory prepared samples. The % mean results were found to be 99.17 for Gatifloxacin & 99.15 for Ornidazole. Similarly the standard deviation of Gatifloxacin & Ornidazole were found to be 0.334 & 0.180 respectively and the analysis of formulation was studied & it was found that the % mean were 99.37 & 99.07 for Gatifloxacin & Ornidazole respectively, where the Standard Deviation were found to be 0.258 & 0.109 respectively which indicate that the developed method is accurate, precise & sensitive....
Two methods for simultaneous estimation of dorzolamide HCl and timolol maleate in two component ocular insert form have been developed. The methods employ the application of simultaneous equation and the absorbance ratio (Q-analysis) methods. Both methods utilize simulated tear fluid (STF) pH, 7.4 as solvent. Dorzolamide HCl and timolol maleate shows maximum absorbance at wavelengths at 254nm and 294.8nm respectively. Linearity ranges for both dorzolamide HCl and timolol maleate is 5 – 40 µg/ml. The isoabsorptive point is 276 nm. The procedures were successfully applied for the simultaneous estimation of both drugs in laboratory prepared ocular inserts. Results of both methods were consistent....
A simple, accurate, validated and reproducible UV-spectrophotometric method has been developed for the simultaneous estimation of Ofloxacin (OFL) and Tinidazole (TNZ) in both bulk and tablet formulation. Ofloxacin and Tinidazole in combined tablet formulation were estimated by using the multicomponent mode at 293 nm for Ofloxacin and 278 nm for Tinidazole in their solution in 0.1N HCl solution. The Beer’s law was obeyed in the concentration range of 02-20µg/ml for Ofloxacin and 10-80µg/ml for Tinidazole. Mean recovery of 99.37% and 99.42% for Ofloxacin and Tinidazole respectively signifies the accuracy of the method. Commercial tablets containing 200mg and 600mg of Ofloxacin and Tinidazole (Oflin-TZ and Ofla-TZ) were analyzed by the proposed method and the results were well within the claimed limits. The present work describes a simple, accurate, reproducible, rapid and economic methods for simultaneous estimation of OFL and TNZ in tablet formulation which can be used for the routine simultaneous estimation of these drugs in industries and other analytical laboratories....
Two simple and sensitive indirect spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the estimation of Lamivudine in both pure and tablet dosage form. Methods A and B are based the formation of ion-pair complexes of the drug with dyes such as orange II and alizarin red S in acidic medium followed by their extraction with chloroform to give colored chromogen with absorption maxima at 475 nm and 445 nm respectively. Beer’s law is valid in the concentration range of 4-20 µg/ml for method A and 2-10 µg/ml for method B. These methods were validated for precision, accuracy, ruggedness and robustness. Statistical analysis proves that the methods are reproducible and selective for the estimation of the said drug in pure and tablet dosage form....
A simple, accurate, validated and reproducible UV-spectrophotometric method has been developed for the simultaneous estimation of Levocetrizine Dihydrochloride (LCT) and Ambroxol Hydrochloride (AMB) in both bulk and tablet formulation. Multicomponent mode was used for the estimation of Levocetrizine Dihydrochloride and Ambroxol Hydrochloride in combined tablet formulation. The λmax was found to be 231 nm for Levocetrizine Dihydrochloride and 245 nm for Ambroxol Hydrochloride in their solution in 0.1N HCl solution. Beer’s law was obeyed in the concentration range of 10-50µg/ml for Levocetrizine Dihydrochloride and 10-90µg/ml for Ambroxol Hydrochloride. Mean recovery of 100.197% and 99.95% for Levocetrizine Dihydrochloride and Ambroxol Hydrochloride respectively signifies the accuracy of the method. Commercial tablets containing 5mg and 75mg of Levocetrizine Dihydrochloride and Ambroxol Hydrochloride (ALCOCE-XL and LEVOSTAR-AM) were analyzed by the proposed method and the results were found to be within the claimed limits. The present work describes a simple, accurate, reproducible, rapid and economic method for simultaneous estimation of LCT and AMB in tablet formulation....
A simple, precise, accurate, and rapid RP-HPLC method has been developed and validated for the determination of Misoprostol as 1% in HPMC{hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose} dispersion in bulk and Pharmaceutical solid dosage form. The Peak for Misoprostol was resolved using Symmetry C8 Column (150x4.6mm, 5�µm) Column and Mobile phase comprising of Acetonitrile, water and orthophosphoric acid (65:35:0.5) at flow rate 1.5 ml/min, the detection of Misoprostol was carried out on absorbance detector at 200nm.\r\nA Linear response of 0.999 for Misoprostol in range of 10-30 �µg/ml was observed. Solution stability for standard solution and sample solutions was checked out up to 8 hours. Specificity studies showed absence of any interference at analyte peak. Accuracy studies carried out on placebo spiked with API at target concentration gives results within limits. Results were validated statistically and by recovery studies. The proposed method can be successfully used to determine the drug content of marketed formulation....
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